CNC數控加(jia)工工藝流程：

加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)規劃是指(zhi)整個工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程(cheng)而言的(de)，不能以(yi)某一(yi)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)性質和(he)某一(yi)表(biao)(biao)面(mian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)來(lai)判斷。例如有(you)些定(ding)位基準(zhun)面(mian)，在半精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)階段甚至在粗(cu)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)階段中就需加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)得很準(zhun)確(que)。有(you)時為了避免尺寸鏈換算，在精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)階段中，也可以(yi)安(an)排某些次(ci)要表(biao)(biao)面(mian)的(de)半精(jing)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。

當確定(ding)了零件表面(mian)的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)方法和加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)后，就可以將同一加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)階段(duan)中各表面(mian)的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)組(zu)合成若(ruo)干個工(gong)(gong)步。

1．加工工序劃分的方法

在數(shu)控機床(chuang)上加工(gong)的零件，一(yi)般按(an)工(gong)序集中的原(yuan)則(ze)劃分工(gong)序，劃分的方法有以(yi)下幾種：

（1）按(an)所使(shi)用(yong)刀(dao)具劃分

以(yi)同一把刀具完成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)工(gong)藝(yi)過程作為一道工(gong)序，這種劃(hua)分方(fang)法(fa)適用(yong)于工(gong)件的(de)待加工(gong)表面較多(duo)的(de)情形。加工(gong)中心常采用(yong)這種方(fang)法(fa)完成(cheng)(cheng)。

（2）按工件安(an)裝次數劃分

以零件(jian)(jian)(jian)一次(ci)裝(zhuang)夾(jia)能夠(gou)完成的(de)工藝過(guo)程作為一道(dao)工序(xu)。這種方法適合于加(jia)工內容不(bu)多的(de)零件(jian)(jian)(jian)，在保證零件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)工質量(liang)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)下，一次(ci)裝(zhuang)夾(jia)完成全部的(de)加(jia)工內容。

（3）按(an)粗精加(jia)工劃(hua)分

將粗加工(gong)(gong)中完成的那一部分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程作為(wei)一道工(gong)(gong)序，將精(jing)(jing)加工(gong)(gong)中完成的那一部分(fen)(fen)工(gong)(gong)藝過(guo)程作為(wei)另一道工(gong)(gong)序。這種(zhong)劃分(fen)(fen)方法適用于零(ling)件(jian)有(you)強度和硬度要(yao)求，需要(yao)進(jin)行(xing)熱處(chu)理或零(ling)件(jian)精(jing)(jing)度要(yao)求較(jiao)高，需要(yao)有(you)效去除內(nei)應(ying)力，以及零(ling)件(jian)加工(gong)(gong)后(hou)變(bian)形(xing)較(jiao)大，需要(yao)按(an)粗、精(jing)(jing)加工(gong)(gong)階(jie)段進(jin)行(xing)劃分(fen)(fen)的零(ling)件(jian)加工(gong)(gong)。

（4）按加工部(bu)位劃分將完成相同(tong)型面的那一部(bu)分工藝(yi)過程作為(wei)一道工序。

對于加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)多而且(qie)比較復雜的(de)(de)零件(jian)，應(ying)合理安(an)排數(shu)控加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、熱(re)處理和輔助(zhu)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)的(de)(de)順序(xu)，并解(jie)決好工(gong)(gong)序(xu)間(jian)的(de)(de)銜接問題。2．加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序(xu)劃分的(de)(de)原(yuan)則 零件(jian)是(shi)由多個(ge)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)構成的(de)(de)，這些(xie)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)有自己的(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)要(yao)(yao)求，各表(biao)面(mian)(mian)之間(jian)也有相應(ying)的(de)(de)精(jing)度(du)要(yao)(yao)求。為了達(da)到(dao)零件(jian)的(de)(de)設計精(jing)度(du)要(yao)(yao)求，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)順序(xu)安(an)排應(ying)遵循一定(ding)的(de)(de)原(yuan)則。

（1）先粗后精的原則

各表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)順(shun)(shun)序按(an)照(zhao)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、半精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)光整加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)順(shun)(shun)序進行，目的(de)(de)是(shi)逐步提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面的(de)(de)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)和(he)(he)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面質量(liang)。如果(guo)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)全(quan)部表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面均由數控機床(chuang)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)，工(gong)(gong)序安排一般(ban)按(an)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、半精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)順(shun)(shun)序進行，即粗(cu)(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)全(quan)部完成后再(zai)進行半精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)。粗(cu)(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)時可快速去除(chu)大(da)部分(fen)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)量(liang)，再(zai)依次精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)各個表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面，這樣(yang)可提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)生產效率，又可保證零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)和(he)(he)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面粗(cu)(cu)(cu)糙度(du)。該(gai)方法適用(yong)于(yu)(yu)位置精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)要求較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面。這并不是(shi)..的(de)(de)，如對于(yu)(yu)一些(xie)尺寸(cun)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)要求較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面，考慮到(dao)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)剛度(du)、變形及尺寸(cun)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)等要求，也可以考慮這些(xie)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面分(fen)別按(an)粗(cu)(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、半精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)、精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)的(de)(de)順(shun)(shun)序完成。對于(yu)(yu)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)要求較(jiao)(jiao)高(gao)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面，在粗(cu)(cu)(cu)、精(jing)(jing)(jing)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序之(zhi)間(jian)，零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian).好擱置一段時間(jian)，使粗(cu)(cu)(cu)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)后的(de)(de)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面應力得到(dao)完全(quan)釋放(fang)，減(jian)小零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)表(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)(biao)面的(de)(de)應力變形程度(du)，這樣(yang)有利(li)于(yu)(yu)提(ti)(ti)(ti)高(gao)零(ling)(ling)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)精(jing)(jing)(jing)度(du)。

（2）基(ji)準面先加工原則

加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)一(yi)開始，總(zong)是把用(yong)作精加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)的(de)表面(mian)(mian)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出來(lai)，因為定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)的(de)表面(mian)(mian)..，裝夾(jia)誤差就(jiu)小，所以(yi)任(ren)何零件(jian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程，總(zong)是先對(dui)定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)面(mian)(mian)進(jin)行粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和半(ban)精加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，必要(yao)(yao)時還(huan)要(yao)(yao)進(jin)行精加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，例(li)(li)如，軸(zhou)類零件(jian)總(zong)是對(dui)定(ding)(ding)位基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)面(mian)(mian)進(jin)行粗加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和半(ban)精加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)，再(zai)進(jin)行精加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。例(li)(li)如軸(zhou)類零件(jian)總(zong)是先加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)中(zhong)心孔，再(zai)以(yi)中(zhong)心孔面(mian)(mian)和定(ding)(ding)位孔為精基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孔系和其他表面(mian)(mian)。如果(guo)精基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)面(mian)(mian)不止一(yi)個，則應該按照基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)轉換的(de)順序和逐步(bu)提高加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度的(de)原則來(lai)安排基(ji)(ji)準(zhun)面(mian)(mian)的(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

（3）先面(mian)后孔原則

對于箱體類、支架類、機體類等零(ling)件，平(ping)面(mian)輪廓尺寸(cun)較大，用平(ping)面(mian)定(ding)(ding)位比較穩定(ding)(ding)可靠，故應先(xian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平(ping)面(mian)，后(hou)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孔(kong)。這樣，不僅使后(hou)續(xu)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)有一(yi)個穩定(ding)(ding)可靠的(de)(de)平(ping)面(mian)作為定(ding)(ding)位基準面(mian)，而(er)且在平(ping)整的(de)(de)表(biao)面(mian)上加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孔(kong)，加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)變得(de)容易一(yi)些，也有利于提高孔(kong)的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度。通常，可按零(ling)件的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)部(bu)位劃分工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序，一(yi)般先(xian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)簡單的(de)(de)幾何(he)形狀(zhuang)，后(hou)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)復雜的(de)(de)幾何(he)形狀(zhuang)；先(xian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度較低的(de)(de)部(bu)位，后(hou)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)精度較高的(de)(de)部(bu)位；先(xian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)平(ping)面(mian)，后(hou)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)孔(kong)。

（4）先內后(hou)外原則

對于(yu)精密套筒，其外圓與(yu)孔(kong)的(de)同(tong)軸(zhou)度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)較高(gao)，一般采用(yong)先孔(kong)后外圓的(de)原則(ze)，即先以外圓作為(wei)定位基準加工(gong)孔(kong)，再(zai)以精度(du)較高(gao)的(de)孔(kong)作為(wei)定位基準加工(gong)外圓，這樣可以保證外圓和孔(kong)之(zhi)間具(ju)有(you)較高(gao)的(de)同(tong)軸(zhou)度(du)要(yao)求(qiu)，而且使用(yong)的(de)夾(jia)具(ju)結構(gou)也很簡單。

（5）減少(shao)換刀次數的原則(ze)

在數控(kong)加工中，應盡可(ke)能(neng)按刀具進入加工位置的順(shun)序安排(pai)加工順(shun)序.